Neo4j是一个面向网络的数据库,即一个嵌入式的、基于磁盘的、具备完全的事务特性的Java持久化引擎,但是它将结构化数据存储在网络上而不是 表中。Neo4j也可以被看作是一个高性能的图引擎,该引擎具有成熟数据库的所有特性。程序员工作在一个面向对象的、灵活的网络结构下而不是严格、静态的 表中——但是他们可以享受到具备完全的事务特性、企业级的数据库的所有好处。 Neo4j因其嵌入式、高性能、轻量级等优势,越来越受到关注。今天将为大家介绍如何开始学习Neo4j和Ruby,当然这是非常简单的开始。按照下面的步骤进行,你将在很短的时间内学会Neo4j。 首先,需要安装neography gem: 使用Bundler工具,代码如下: echo "source 'http://rubygems.org' gem 'neography' " > Gemfile bundle install 不使用Bundler工具,代码如下: 然后,将任务添加到Rakefile里,下载Neo4j并启动: echo "require 'neography/tasks'" >> Rakefile rake neo4j:install rake neo4j:start 图形数据库应用 比如,在社交网站上好友推荐就是个不错的应用,代码如下: require 'rubygems' require 'neography'
@neo = Neography::Rest.new
def create_person(name) @neo.create_node("name" => name) end
def make_mutual_friends(node1, node2) @neo.create_relationship("friends", node1, node2) @neo.create_relationship("friends", node2, node1) end
def suggestions_for(node) @neo.traverse(node, "nodes", {"order" => "breadth first", "uniqueness" => "node global", "relationships" => {"type"=> "friends", "direction" => "in"}, "return filter" => {"language" => "javascript", "body" => "position.length() == 2;"}, "depth" => 2}).map{|n| n["data"]["name"]}.join(', ') end
johnathan = create_person('Johnathan') mark = create_person('Mark') phil = create_person('Phil') mary = create_person('Mary') luke = create_person('Luke')
make_mutual_friends(johnathan, mark) make_mutual_friends(mark, mary) make_mutual_friends(mark, phil) make_mutual_friends(phil, mary) make_mutual_friends(phil, luke)
puts "Johnathan should become friends with #{suggestions_for(johnathan)}"
# RESULT # Johnathan should become friends with Mary, Phil 我们将一步步的介绍以上代码: 首先提取gems,得到Neography连接到Neo4j服务器的一个实例,代码如下: require 'rubygems' require 'neography'
@neo = Neography::Rest.new 然后编写函数,方便创建拥有name属性的节点,代码如下: def create_person(name) @neo.create_node("name" => name) end 另外创建一个函数,将两个节点关联起来。 在Neo4j中所有的关系都有方向,因此,在社交网站中如果两个人有共同的好友,就需要创建了两个关系——传入和传出,代码如下: def make_mutual_friends(node1, node2) @neo.create_relationship("friends", node1, node2) @neo.create_relationship("friends", node2, node1) end 接下来是最有趣的部分,代码如何实现为你推荐好友的好友: 将一个用户作为起点,沿着两个好友关系找到他们的好友并返回结果。 def suggestions_for(node) @neo.traverse(node, "nodes", {"order" => "breadth first", "uniqueness" => "node global", "relationships" => {"type"=> "friends", "direction" => "in"}, "return filter" => {"language" => "javascript", "body" => "position.length() == 2;"}, "depth" => 2}).map{|n| n["data"]["name"]}.join(', ') end 创建小规模的好友集合并将它们联系在一起,来进行此次测试: johnathan = create_person('Johnathan') mark = create_person('Mark') phil = create_person('Phil') mary = create_person('Mary') luke = create_person('Luke')
make_mutual_friends(johnathan, mark) make_mutual_friends(mark, mary) make_mutual_friends(mark, phil) make_mutual_friends(phil, mary) make_mutual_friends(phil, luke)
puts "Johnathan should become friends with #{suggestions_for(johnathan)}"
# RESULT # Johnathan should become friends with Mary, Phil 这很简单吧?neography工作在Neo4j REST API的水平,但也提供了一个额外的层,涉及ruby的语法糖。 require 'rubygems' require 'neography'
def create_person(name) Neography::Node.create("name" => name) end
johnathan = create_person('Johnathan') mark = create_person('Mark') phil = create_person('Phil') mary = create_person('Mary') luke = create_person('Luke')
johnathan.both(:friends) << mark mark.both(:friends) << mary mark.both(:friends) << phil phil.both(:friends) << mary phil.both(:friends) << luke
def suggestions_for(node) node.incoming(:friends). order("breadth first"). uniqueness("node global"). filter("position.length() == 2;"). depth(2). map{|n| n.name }.join(', ') end puts "Johnathan should become friends with #{suggestions_for(johnathan)}"
# RESULT # Johnathan should become friends with Mary, Phil
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